
The island of Iwo Jima was one of the fiercest battles of the Pacific Theater in World War II and the first attack on the Japanese Home Islands. Because of the geographic importance of Iwo Jima, as well as the psychological damage of invaders on the Japanese homeland, the defenders on Iwo Jima fought tenaciously to slow the Allied advance. When the US landed on Iwo Jima on February 19, 1945 they found the beach eerily quiet; the Japanese did not open fire until the US Marines had advanced inland. When the fighting began, however, the Marines took heavy fire from the concealed Japanese artillery and machine gun positions - especially from Mount Suribachi, a 500 foot dormant volcano which towers over the southern part of the island. By February 23, Suribachi was cut off from the rest of the island, connected only by it's underground tunnel network, small groups of Marines were sent ahead as scouts to search the mountain, and finding little enemy presence, a platoon was sent up with a small American flag. Then Secretary of the Navy James Forrestal wanted this flag for himself, so a smaller group of Marines was sent up with a much larger flag, and photographer Joe Roesenthal happened to tag along. It was when the second flag was raised on February 23, 1945 that he took the iconic picture "Raising the Flag on Iwo Jima", and later won the Pulitzer Prize for Photography. Despite this morale boost, Iwo Jima was not declared secure until over a month later, on March 26.





